In order to independently build a shed for geese, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the bird, the region of residence, the material base and the number of birds. How to build a barn for geese with your own hands, what you should pay attention to and what materials to use, as well as a detailed description of the process - hereinafter.
Types of Gusyatnikov
Depending on the insulation and reliability of the construction, the gusniks are divided into 2 types:
- "Summer" or mobile, which is built from transport pallets;
- stationary, designed for year-round maintenance of poultry, they are erected from durable materials and on the foundation.
A separate barn is an ideal option, but in the absence of a place for a crawler, almost any outbuilding can be converted into it.
Primary requirements
When constructing a premises for geese, the following should be considered:
- there should be no drafts in the room;
- temperature and dry air are comfortable for geese;
- holes (manholes) for the bird are located on the south and southwest sides of the barn;
- the roof should be leak-free and reliably protect the bird from rain;
- the floor is laid so that rodents cannot enter the room, and also it should not absorb water;
- a walking yard is provided on the south side of the building in the northern regions and the middle lane. In southern areas where there is a lot of solar radiation, the best option is to place it in the southeast or southwest;
- the size of the walking yard is calculated from the following standards: at least 1 square meter should fall on one track. m, per young individual - not less than 5 square meters. m, per adult goose - not less than 15 square meters. m;
- it must be equipped with a canopy, under which the bird can hide from rain or scorching sunlight.
The choice of material for construction
Geese are kept in barns made of wood, logs, reeds, foam blocks, clay and other building materials. The advisability of using this or that material, first of all, depends on the climatic region of residence.
If in the southern regions it will be enough to erect a light construction made of clay, reeds and wood, then, for example, in Siberia, in such a house, geese will not last long. Here you need to think carefully about the insulation of the goose, considering the severe Siberian frosts.
Goose Shed Project
Before you begin the construction of the track, you should first design it on paper. This will help to avoid mistakes in the construction of the building.
Dimensions
The area and size of the building depend on the number of future residents. When constructing a stationary caterpillar per 1 individual should have at least 1 square. m, mobile - not less than 0.5 square meters. m
The height of the shed should be at least 200 cm, so that it would be convenient for a person to be and clean in it. In addition, in lower rooms air circulates worse - moisture in large quantities accumulates on the walls and causes rotting of the wood. The rear wall has a height of 160-170 cm, since the roof is made with a slope for easier convergence of snow and rainwater.
The area of windows should be 10% of the total area of the walls. Better to make them square. A bright room has a beneficial effect on the productivity of geese.
So that in winter, cold air does not enter the room, provide a small canopy (vestibule).
The figure below shows an approximate scheme for calculating the size of a goose truck:
Floor materials
Usually it is made of wood or concrete, sometimes adobe:
- Wood. This is a natural environmentally friendly material that passes air well. But it undergoes decay, does not protect against rodents and has a short life. Processing wood with special compounds allows you to extend it.
- Concrete. Longer than a tree, a rat or a mole is unlikely to gnaw it. However, the concrete floor is colder than wood. Using deep litter solves this problem. But concrete does not allow water and air to pass through.
The choice of material depends entirely on the financial possibilities of the poultry farmer and his preferences.
Wall and roof materials
The walls of the barn are erected from the following materials:
- Brick and cinder blocks. They are considered one of the most durable materials for the walls of the crawler. But it is a cold material and contribute to the retention of moisture in the room.
- Wooden logs. They pass air well, but are subject to severe decay.
- Adobe. It is considered the best material in a dry climate for walls. This is a raw clay brick from clay soil with the addition of straw or other fibrous plant materials. If you presoak the adobe in lime, then this will prevent the appearance of rodents in the barn. Inside and outside the facade for insulation is treated with a mixture of clay and straw.
Sheets of undulating slate or polycarbonate are laid on the roof, but the latter material refers to short-lived types. It is forbidden to use metal, since in hot weather it is very hot and creates unbearable conditions inside the crawler.
Heat protection
In regions with harsh winters, they choose the insulation responsibly. For these purposes, use:
- mineral wool - it easily fits and allows air to pass through, but at high humidity it begins to rot, and also settles and breaks;
- polystyrene or expanded polystyrene - this heat-insulating material is easy to fit and retains heat well; on the other hand, it takes up a lot of volume and does not allow water to pass through, as a result, the humidity in the gooseneck rises;
- sawdust - they pass air well, but quickly rot.
We prepare tools and calculate the amount of materials
The table shows the approximate amount of materials that will be required for the construction of the tracker:
Material | unit of measurement | amount | Normative (pcs / m3) | Summary |
Concrete M200 | cube m | 6,4 | 6,4 | |
Ruberoid | m | 30 | 30 | |
Bar 100x150x6000 | PCS. | 12 | 11 | 1,1 |
Bar 50x150x6000 | PCS. | 37 | 22 | 1,7 |
Bar 50x50x6000 | PCS. | 14 | 132 | 0,1 |
Board 25x150x6000 | PCS. | 305 | 44 | 7,0 |
Roll or plate insulation | sq. m | 290 | 290 | |
Chipboard or flat slate | sq. m | 148 | 148 | |
OSB | sq. m | 132 | 132 | |
Expanded clay | cube m | 9,6 | 9,6 | |
Polyethylene film 200 microns | sq. m | 230 |
For the construction of the barn, in addition to materials, you will need a number of tools:
- shovel;
- level, ruler, tape measure and plumb line;
- stairs;
- screwdriver or screwdriver;
- carpentry tools - hammer, ax, pliers, planer, nail puller;
- saw or electric jigsaw.
Stages of construction
Building a barn for geese is not an easy task and it is worthwhile to approach it with all responsibility, and all aspects require attention - from choosing and preparing a place to zoning.
Site preparation
It is desirable to erect a bird house on a hill so that water does not flood it during melting snow or precipitation. The great advantage when choosing a place is the proximity of the reservoir and pasture, which can significantly save on feed in the summer.
Having chosen a place for construction, the site is cleaned of debris and a site for the barn and corral is planned, by marking or driving in columns. Around them, a ditch 20-30 cm deep is dug around the perimeter. In order to prevent rodents from becoming frequent guests in the future, adobe soaked in lime is poured to the bottom.
Foundation
In the area limited by the moat, a rectangle of the required size is planned, and they begin to lay the strip foundation:
- A trench 50-70 cm deep is dug along the perimeter of the marks.
- Sand (30 cm layer) and crushed stone (10 cm) is poured into it and carefully packed.
- A metal mesh is laid on top of the tamped layers.
- The formwork is erected from the boards, which is 20 cm above the ground level. Inside it is covered with a film to further facilitate its dismantling, and concrete is poured. Unfrozen concrete must be leveled.
After 1-2 days, the flooded base is covered over the entire surface with a film and left in this state for several days. This contributes to a more uniform ripening of concrete, and minimizes the formation of bumps. Then the film is removed and the concrete is left to harden in the open air.
In cold and humid climates it is necessary to make additional thermal insulation:
- the place inside the foundation is leveled, if necessary, remove the layer of upper soil, and fill up a layer of sand 10-15 cm thick;
- from above fall asleep with rubble or expanded clay.
Expanded clay is recommended for use in regions where the winter temperature is below -30 ° C for a long time. This material does not leak moisture and retains heat well. However, the expanded clay layer thickness should be at least 20-30 cm.
To prevent rodents from getting inside the house, they make a blind area in the form of an additional concrete layer. A sand cushion is poured along the perimeter of the foundation, on which the reinforcement is laid and filled with concrete. At the same time provide drainage grooves for water drainage.
Walls
The walls are erected 1-2 weeks after the foundation is poured. The basis for them is the frame structure, which is built from wooden beams.
First, make the lower harness from wooden bars or, with a lack of finance, from a board (100x55 mm). The harness is a frame assembled from beams, which is laid through the roofing material on the foundation.
Vertical supports are mounted on it at an equal distance from each other. The minimum step between the supports is calculated based on the type and size of the insulation. Next, the design ends with the installation of the upper harness. Diagonally, in the resulting rectangles, set stiffeners. Make openings for doors and windows.
The whole structure is treated with special impregnations that will help protect the tree from germs and fungus, and increase its shelf life. For greater reliability, experts also recommend a varnish walk throughout the structure.
Flooring and insulation
After weighing all the pros and cons, they stop on one material for the floor. The floor is laid under a slight slope towards the future sewer hole with a drain, which will help facilitate cleaning in the jib.
Depending on the material, do the following:
- Concrete floor. Level the site, lay the fittings and pour concrete. Until he grasps it must be leveled. Concrete matures within 7 days.
- Wooden floor. Roofing material is laid on the foundation surface. Support bars are placed on top of this substrate, which will become the basis for the floor. A wooden flooring is attached to the beams. Further, the floor is insulated and covered with a finishing floor.
- Adobe floor. A layer of earth 10-13 cm thick is removed from the poultry man. To prevent rodents from getting inside, a metal mesh with cells of no more than 15 mm is laid on the floor, and a clay layer 15-20 cm thick is spread over the clay. Pour the clay with water and grind it with bare feet to consistency plate. The finished mixture is leveled. Near the walls, the layer thickness is slightly increased.
As for warming, the heat-insulating material inside the room is covered with a moisture-proof film, and then wooden logs are attached.
Windows and doors
Windows and doors are installed using conventional technology.
Windows use glass doubles. Be sure to one of them must open and close, which will allow you to regularly ventilate the room. Otherwise, due to high humidity, wood, sawdust, insulation, straw quickly rot. The remaining windows are deaf.
The windows are located at a sufficient height in the house, since geese like to pluck the insulation from the frames. All cracks between the openings in order to avoid drafts are treated with polyurethane foam or foam sealant.
The front door and small doors for the exit and entry of geese into the barn are made of thick boards. From below they are upholstered with a piece of iron (50x80 mm) to protect them from rats and other rodents.
If severe frosts are relevant for your region of residence, then the door should also be insulated from the outside or from the inside. Extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of at least 50 mm is perfect as a heat-insulating material. When attaching the insulation from the inside of the door, it should be covered with a piece of linoleum or plastic over it to prevent birds from peeling off the insulation material.
Roof
The roof is made single or double. The roof structure must be robust to withstand strong wind gusts and heavy snow, protect the bird from rainfall and retain heat well. It is through the roof that significant heat loss occurs, since warm air always rises.
A timber or log of the so-called Mauerlat, which serves as the extreme lower support for the rafters, is laid on top of the perimeter of the outer wall. In the middle, a lay is installed - this is a beam or log in a horizontal position. Racks are attached to it, and a ridge run is attached to the racks. The resulting rectangles are reinforced with stiffeners.
On the inside, the roof is covered with vapor barrier, which is fastened with wooden battens to the screws. Then lay a layer of thermal insulation, for example, mineral wool, cover it with a membrane that protects against precipitation. All this "pie", in the end, is covered with slate. To avoid leaks, the sheets are laid a little on top of each other.
Zoning, Corral and Canopy
Since young animals need to be kept separate from adult individuals, inside the caterpillar is divided into two parts - 75% of the area is allocated to adult geese, 25% to goslings. As internal partitions, wooden frames are used, covered with a grid with small cells.
As for the corral, then the bird should get into it without hindrance immediately leaving the barn. A moat is dug around the perimeter of the site and metal or wooden poles are installed, the distance between them should be equal to the width of the grid. For fencing, a metal mesh with medium-sized cells is used.
A small canopy is attached to the barn, so that the bird can hide from the rain in inclement weather or take refuge in the shade from the scorching sun. They make it on the side so that the shadow on the window does not fall from it in sunny weather. Wooden supports are dug into the ground or poured with a foundation, and the canopy itself is covered with slate or polycarbonate.
Equipment inside the jib
Inside the goslingnik also needs to be equipped with everything necessary.
Ventilation
Good ventilation will help ensure proper ventilation. It should remove not only excess heat, but also harmful fumes.
The simplest and most common is ridge ventilation. It consists of two segments that are installed in each other. The gap between them should be at least 20-30 mm.
The inner segment is an aluminum or galvanized pipe that extends almost to the floor. A valve is installed in it, which allows you to adjust the ventilation force.
The outer segment is located in the upper part, slightly below the ceiling. The pipe coming out must be made of a material with low thermal conductivity, for example, plastic, and it is also insulated and equipped with a deflector that forcibly removes air from the room.
Lighting and heating
Installed electric lamps not only serve for lighting, but also heat the track. The required number of lamps is calculated from the following norm: per 5 square meters. m - 1 unit with a capacity of not more than 60 watts. Suspend them at a height of 1.5-2 m from the floor. To support the egg laying of geese, they need to create a 14-hour light day.
A comfortable temperature for geese is considered to be 16-25 ° C depending on the breed and air humidity - 50-65%. Oil heaters or IR lamps are additionally installed in the area of young animals.
Arrangement of a caterpillar inside
In addition to ensuring proper ventilation, lighting and the necessary heating, the tracker is equipped inside according to some rules.
Litter
Natural materials are used as litter - straw, sawdust, sand, wood shavings, sunflower or millet husk or sphagnum peat.
The material should be dry, clean, hygroscopic, without traces of mold and unpleasant odor. In winter, it is recommended that the floor be covered with straw or peat, since they insulate it well. In the summer, sand or sawdust can be used as bedding.
Up to 40 kg of bedding material is required per goose per year. The thickness of the litter layer depends on climatic conditions, poultry breed and season, and varies from 5 to 30 cm.
The litter is regularly changed - the old one is replaced with a new, dry one. If geese are kept on a damp floor, then their feather will quickly become contaminated. It becomes tousled and poorly retains heat, which leads to hypothermia of birds - their immunity worsens, colds occur, and productivity decreases.
In the autumn, before the cold weather, when laying a new litter, dry floor is sprinkled with slaked lime at the rate of 1 kg per 1 sq. Km. m to prevent odor. Litter material is covered with a layer of 5 cm above it. A fresh layer of litter is added as it becomes soiled. At goslings, the litter is covered with straw on top, so that young animals do not peck the material.
Jacks
When installing nests proceed from the number of geese - 2 geese account for 1 nest. They are placed in a dark place on the floor so that the female does not experience anxiety. They should not be placed close to the cold walls and in places where direct sunlight. The best placement is the side walls of the house.
The socket has the following dimensions:
- width - 40 cm;
- length - 60 cm;
- height - 50 cm.
Inside the nests are lined with wood shavings or hay, which is changed 1 time in 3 days. Nests are installed a month before the laying of eggs, so that the geese are not accustomed to rushing in their favorite places.
The bottom of the nest is made of wood, but not metal at all, since the goose laid the egg tries to bury in the litter. In severe frosts, such a concern in the presence of a metal bottom can go sideways, it can freeze or break.
Feeding troughs and drinking bowls
There are three types of feeding troughs in the crawler, which are designed:
- for wet agitators,
- dry feed
- mineral additives.
Features of feeders:
- A feeder with minerals - bone meal, crushed shell rock or shell should always be in the room.
- For wet food, it is better to take plastic or metal containers that are easy to wash and clean from food debris.
- Tree feeders will soak from the feed and rot.
- Galvanized iron containers are not used for dairy and sour-milk products (yogurt, skim milk, cottage cheese), since there is a possibility of poisoning the bird with zinc oxide.
- For dry food, a container is selected in which you can pour a portion equal to the daily norm.
Feeding troughs are best fixed to the wall, which saves space in the jib. For dry feed, they are usually mounted at a height of 40-50 cm, a metal trough at a height of 20-30 cm from the floor surface. The length of the feeder should be quite long so that each bird can eat without difficulty. Otherwise, the geese will fight for a place near her. For 10 goals, use feeders and drinking bowls with a length of at least 2 m.
The drinker should be at least 60 cm wide and set it above the feeders. Its bottom should be 5-7 cm above the back of the goose.
Crawler disinfection and poultry launch
Before starting a bird in a new house, it must be disinfected. This helps to reduce the risk of infectious diseases and prevents the development of fungus in the room.
The new caterpillar is completely inside - walls, floors, and the ceiling are treated with lime mortar (1 kg of lime and 100 g of salt are taken for 5 liters of water). Then the house is ventilated for three days and the litter is laid on the floor. After all these preparatory procedures, bring the room temperature to the desired value and launch the bird to a new place of residence.
Disinfection of the premises should be carried out regularly once a year with the onset of heat. The goose herd is expelled to fresh air, and proceed to the general cleaning of the barn.
The entire litter is completely removed. Walls, nests are cleaned and washed from dirt, droppings, cobwebs and bleached with lime. In preparation for the winter, some parts of the crawler are recommended by experts to process with lime additionally. Drinking bowls and feeders are washed with a 2% solution of caustic soda, which is diluted in hot water.
"Summer house
In the warm season, geese can be kept in mobile homes, if the livestock does not exceed 50 animals. This is very convenient because the bird will be in the fresh air all day.
Mobile house for a small number of geese
The frame is made of bars, the walls are sheathed with plywood or thin boards. It is better to make the floor trellised - the slats are filled so that the legs of the geese do not fall through. The shed roof is covered with plywood or boards, but it should not leak. Feeding troughs and drinking bowls do mounted or portable.
If you want to have healthy individuals, then they need to create comfortable conditions. Whatever house you build for geese, the main thing is to keep it dry and clean. In this case, the productivity of the bird will be at its best, and strong immunity will protect it from adverse factors.