The mushroom boletus belongs to the family of boletus. This is a valuable species of forest mushrooms with good taste. Mushrooms grow in coniferous and deciduous forests. These mushrooms grow both in groups and individually.
General characteristics
Boletus is a tubular fungus and belongs to the family of boletus. He has a fairly massive fruiting body. The hat has a rounded shape, its surface is dry and velvety. Boletus leg thickened.
Mass distribution of these fungi is noted in August.
100 g of fresh boletus contains only 34 kcal.
The composition of mushrooms includes:
- antioxidants;
- proteins;
- mineral salts;
- alimentary fiber;
- Vitamins B1, E, PP.
Despite the composition and excellent taste, boletus can not be eaten in acute diseases of the digestive system and gout, as well as under the age of 7 years.
Types of edible boletus
The edible subspecies of boletus are:
- White spruce, which is popularly called the "Colonel". This mushroom has a dark brown hats. Its diameter can reach 30 cm. The height of the leg of the white spruce mushroom is about 18 cm. This type of boletus has a mild neutral taste. A white spruce mushroom grows in a spruce forest.
- Dark bronze, or hornbeam. The color of the hat is dark chocolate, closer to black. It has a mild neutral taste.
- Mesh white. The mushroom grows in deciduous forests, where there is enough sunlight, at the edges and glades. His hat has a light brown tint. Its size can be different - from 5 to 30 cm in diameter. The season for collecting netted mushroom begins in May, and continues (under favorable conditions) until September.
- White pine. The hat of this variety of boletus has a chocolate brown color. The diameter reaches 25 cm. A nut-mushroom aroma emanates from the fungus.
White spruce edible boletus
Dark bronze edible boletus
Mesh white edible mushroom
White pine edible mushroom
In nature, there are much more species of edible boletus. The varieties of this mushroom listed above are the most recognizable, and they are most often collected by mushroom pickers.
Types of inedible boletus
Certain types of boletus may be unsuitable for food, as they contain toxic compounds. These include:
- Beautiful centipede mushroom. You can recognize it by the color of the legs: starting with a lemon-yellow tint at the base, it gradually turns into red, and then into brown.
- The flight is beautiful. The diameter of the legs of this inedible boletus can reach 12 cm. The pores of the fungus are bright brown, when pressed, turn blue.
- Rooted. This mushroom has a bright beige leg, on the lower part of which there are spots of turquoise color.
- Pink and purple. Such an inedible boletus has an uneven color: it varies from light gray to olive in color, purple-red and brown spots are observed in some areas.
Beautiful-legged inedible boletus
Flying beautiful inedible boletus
Inedible Inedible Mushroom
Pink-purple inedible boletus
When collecting mushrooms, you need to be extremely careful and not collect mushrooms with a bright or unusual color.
Places of growth
Mushrooms grow in dry places. Mostly these are forests in which oaks, pines, spruce, and birch grow. Also, these mushrooms can be found in small plantings and groves. Mushrooms are common on all continents, excluding Antarctica and Australia.
Mushroom growing
Lovers of mushrooms, who want to enjoy fresh mushrooms not only in late summer and early autumn, can grow them on their own and no longer depend on seasonality. Boletus can be grown both outdoors and indoors.
Mushroom growing outdoors
Regardless of the method chosen, seed preparation is required first. In this case, the fruiting bodies of mushrooms collected in the forest, or rather hats, are suitable for this. They must be placed in cold water and left for several hours.
To stimulate spore germination, alcohol can be added to the water (3 cups per 10 liters of water). In water with caps should also be added 1 g of potassium permanganate.
After 2 hours, add sugar to the basin with future material. Proportions - 20 teaspoons per 10 liters of water. After this mixture you need to stand for a few more hours. The output is a liquid with a large number of spores of boletus.
There is an easier way - buying a ready-made mycelium.
After preparation of the seed, a mixture or substrate should be created in which the mushrooms will grow. The composition of the substrate includes straw, sunflower husk, buckwheat.
Before placing the seed in a substrate, the mixture must be saturated with moisture. This can be done by sprinkling it with boiling water or steaming.
On the site, trees must necessarily grow under which the mushrooms (oaks, pines or birches) were collected.
Within a meter radius of a suitable tree, 15 cm of land must be removed. On the roots you need to pour liquid with spores, then fill it with earth and pour plenty of water. It is best to plant mushrooms this way from mid-August to mid-September.
Growing boletus indoor
Mushroom mushrooms are grown differently indoors. The room may be a barn, basement or greenhouse.
You need to do the following:
- boil the substrate material without removing it from the packaging bags, 1-1.5 hours;
- allow the substrate to cool;
- mix mycelium and substrate;
- fold the mixture into bags of 5-15 kg each, tightly packed;
- make neat thin cuts on the bags with the help of a blade;
- set the bags on the setter shelves, there should be a distance of 5 cm between each bag.
In a room intended for growing boletus, the temperature should not exceed 25 degrees. The humidity level should be high - within 85-95%. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out daily treatment with a chlorine solution, which will not allow mold to form here.
Bags with a substrate must be watered with a spray bottle once a day.
Mushrooms will appear about a month after planting.
Useful properties of boletus
Mushroom mushrooms have not only a pleasant taste - their composition provides a beneficial effect on the human body.
The beneficial properties of boletus should include the following:
- nutrition of bones and joints, possible due to the content of calcium and iron;
- increase immunity;
- the fight against excess cholesterol in the blood;
- normalization of hemoglobin;
- cleansing blood vessels of cholesterol plaques;
- decrease in blood coagulation;
- excretion of salts of heavy metals and carcinogens from the body;
- fight against chronic fatigue;
- lowering blood pressure;
- restoration of metabolic processes.
- sleep improvement;
- a decrease in the severity of pain with angina attacks;
- digestion stimulation;
- suppression of excessive excitability.
In addition, mushrooms boletus have antitumor, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and tonic effects.
Mushroom mushrooms are considered royal mushrooms due to their excellent taste. In addition, they have a beneficial effect on the body. Mushrooms can be harvested in the forest and plantings, as well as grown independently in the premises or in the garden, in the open air.