The lands of the Rostov Region spread across the steppe zone of the south of the Russian Plain, capturing part of the North Caucasus. The combination of temperate continental climate with the proximity of water bodies creates favorable conditions for the growth of mushrooms. The task of the mushroom picker is to understand the variety of species so as not to put a poisonous or inedible specimen in a basket.
Mushroom places in the Rostov region
These edges are not considered "mushroom", so most people who spontaneously go mushroom picking, poorly versed in their species, and often do not know how to distinguish edible from inedible. Our express review will help you avoid mistakes during the “silent hunt”.
In the Rostov region, mushrooms are best found in the north and northeast of the region. Mushroom places:
- Pine forest of the Kamensky district.
- State farm "Temernitsky" - North of Rostov.
- Forests in the Veshensky, Sholokhovsky and Oblivsky areas.
- Plantings - deciduous and coniferous, groves - poplar, oak, oak and ash. Look for these landings near the settlements of Rostov, Semikarakorsk, Azov, Mine.
- Millerovsky district. Near the village of Degtevo. Pine trees near Millerovo.
- Landing in the vicinity of Kamensk-Shakhtinsk.
- Chertkovsky and Tarasovsky regions.
- Pine trees near the village of Nizhnekundryuchenskaya.
- Schepkinsky forest near Rostov-on-Don.
- The coastal zone of the Don River.
The first mushrooms appear in April - they are fragile spring species that few mushroom pickers are interested in. And since May, a full-fledged “hunt” begins, which lasts until October. The opening of the mushroom season depends on a combination of favorable factors. Mass growth of mushrooms depends on steady temperatures and soil moisture.
Edible mushrooms
In the Rostov region hundreds of species of mushrooms grow, but only a few dozen are edible. You can also eat conditionally edible species - after special treatment, but area doctors do not recommend doing this. Moreover, they believe that picking mushrooms in this region is a potentially dangerous activity, because in the Rostov Region:
- the climate is able to make even edible mushrooms dangerous to humans;
- an increase in the natural gamma background is observed.
If you are not going to give up the pleasures of a “quiet hunt”, and plan to use your prey for cooking pickles and various dishes, be sure to check out the mushroom “assortment” of local forests and plantings.
Ryadovki
Description. Ridoviki - lamellar mushrooms of the ordinary family. They grow in groups and rows, hence the name. Hats are usually colored, less often - white. The shape changes with age - from hemispherical to open. They have a dense leg, the film coverlet is stored in the form of a ring.
Varieties: There are innumerable rows, among which there are edible ones. In the Rostov region, several types of rows with excellent taste are usually grown:
- Purple. A small fungus is also called a blue foot or blue root. The hemispherical hat is 6-15 cm in diameter. The color of the hat is whitish yellow with a purple tint. Cream-colored plates. Purple legs 5-10 cm high, 3 cm thick. They have fleshy flesh of different colors - white, gray, gray-violet. The taste is sweet, it smells of fruit.
- Gray. Convex or hemispherical meaty hats of grayish-yellow color. In mature mushrooms, hats have uneven edges. In the center is a flat tubercle. Gray hats can have an olive, purple or purple hue. It has a powdery taste and smell.
- Topolevaya. The hat, like all rows, is first in the form of a hemisphere, then - open. Color - yellow-brown with reddish hues. In diameter up to 15 cm. The surface is uneven, with cracks and pits.
- Green (greenfinch). This is a conditionally edible mushroom with a brown-green hat, which is covered with reddish scales. The diameter of the hat is 4-15 cm, the height of the legs is 3-7 cm.
The row is lilac
The rowing is gray
Ryadovka poplar
Rowing green
Where and when does it grow? Mass fruiting of rows begins with the advent of autumn, and ends with frost. Typewriters are usually collected in the Shchepkinsky forest - near Orbitalnaya, there are also a lot of them in Chertkovsky district. The blueies like sandy and calcareous soils and deciduous forests. They love to grow under ash trees. Poplar rows prefer the same landing. Gray love pine trees with sandy soils.
Doubles. The ranks are very numerous. Among them there are both edible and very poisonous mushrooms - for example, sulfur sulfur. Edible ranks do not have doubles, the main thing is not to confuse them with poisonous brethren.
Mushroom picker talks about the cultivation of lilac-leg rowing in his farm:
Raincoat
Description. The sizes of raincoats depend on their variety. All types of raincoats are similar to each other - these are spherical mushrooms. There is no division into a leg and a hat - this is a single mushroom body. Size - from 2-3 cm to 20-50 cm. Firm skin and elastic white pulp, in old specimens - yellow. Raincoats are very tasty, especially when fried.
Varieties: In the Rostov region, you can find different types of raincoats:
- Prickly - covered with conical needles. It smells good. The skin color is cream, the flesh is white.
- Giant - grows up to 40 cm in diameter. Weight reaches several kg.
- Pearl - he has a white pear-shaped body, yellowing as he grows. Spiky growths on the skin.
- Oblong - A little higher than the prickly raincoat. Delicate and thin, this raincoat is edible in its young form.
Prickly mushroom
Giant raincoat mushroom
Mushroom pearl raincoat
Mushroom raincoat oblong
Where and when does it grow? Fruiting - from the beginning of summer to October. Raincoats grow everywhere - except in Antarctica they are not. Here and in the Rostov region colony raincoats can be found in any forest or planting, in meadows, clearings, along roads. Like raincoats soil, rich in nitrogen.
Doubles. You can confuse it with false raincoats, which are considered poisonous in our country, and conditionally edible in Europe. They can be distinguished by a warty-scaly skin of yellowish-ocher hues with small cracks.
Russula
Description. These are small agaric mushrooms with strong white legs and colorful hats - grayish, reddish, greenish, yellow, brown, bluish. The mushroom is not considered delicious, but to taste it is no worse than chanterelles or champignons. The hats are first spherical and bell-shaped, then - open.
Where and when does it grow? They grow in coniferous and deciduous forests. Large colonies of russula were noticed in the Shchepkinsky forest, as well as in the Semikarakorsky district. These mushrooms are so numerous that they make up 45% of the total mushroom mass. They grow in coniferous and deciduous forests, mainly under pine, spruce, under alder, oak, birch.
Varieties. Russula has never been lacking - they grow in abundance. At least a few varieties grow in the Rostov Region:
- Green She has a thick and fleshy leg of white color. Leg height - up to 10 cm. Hat - greenish-gray up to 10 cm in diameter. This is one of the most delicious types of russula - it is not only salted, boiled, but also fried.
- Food. Hat - 5-11 cm in diameter. Color - from wine red to lilac brown. Very tasty russula.
Russula green
Russula food
Doubles. Often confused with grebes. The russula does not have a ring on its leg - the “skirt" that the toadstool has. The latter, in addition, has a characteristic thickening at the base of the leg. Inedible russules with bright red and purple hats should also be avoided - caustic, poignant, vomit. There are no poisonous species among russula.
White mushroom
Description. All ceps are similar to each other - they have powerful strong legs, in shape - club-shaped. Hats - convex, with some age they straighten out a little. The shades of the hat are brownish. The diameter of the hat is 8-30 cm, the length of the legs is 10-12 cm.
White mushroom contains many nutrients. It is important to cook the mushroom in a timely manner - after 10 hours it loses half of its nutritional properties.
Where and when does it grow? Mass gathering of mushrooms begins from the end of August until October. But fruiting is already observed in July. Many boletus are seen in groves near the settlements of Shakhty and Azov. Also, porcini mushrooms people go to Semikarakorsky district. They grow in bright forests, prefer spruce, pine, birch. In summer, it occurs alone, closer to autumn - in families.
Varieties. To find noble mushrooms, including boletus, in the Rostov Region is a great success. This arid region is not always happy with mushroom crops. From the second half of August, here you can meet mushrooms:
- Pine (pine forest) - he has a convex hat of a red-brown hue. The peel is not removed from the cap. Diameter - 8-15 cm. Thick leg covered with a brownish mesh.
- Birch - he has a pillow-shaped, and then a flat hat, reaching 15 cm in diameter. The peel of the hat is slightly wrinkled, the color is light ocher, sometimes almost white. Barrel-shaped foot up to 12 cm long.
- Oak - its slightly velvety hat is covered with cracks in dry weather. First in the form of a ball, then - a pillow-shaped. The color of the hat varies from buffy to brownish.
- Spruce - Grows in spruce forests. Differs in especially large sizes - grows up to 2 kg. Hat - wrinkled, bumpy brownish color. In diameter - 5-20 cm. The leg is strong, like all mushrooms, up to 20 cm high.
Boletus edulis pine
White mushroom birch
White mushroom oak
White mushroom spruce
Doubles. Ceps can be confused with other species only by inexperienced mushroom pickers. A bile mushroom can pretend to be a boletus, a satanic mushroom has less chances - it can be easily distinguished by its reddish leg.
Boletus
Description. The second name is the red-headed. The color of the hat is brick red. Diameter - 5-30 cm. The shape of young fungi is hemispherical, then - pillow-shaped, convex. It feels like felt or velvet. The high leg is more than 20 cm. Its surface is covered with the smallest scales.
Where and when does it grow? Grows in groups and alone. Prefers aspen. Likes wet lowlands. The fruiting period is from mid-June to frost. Good harvests of boletus were seen near the coastal zone of the Don, as well as in the Semikarakorsky district. Especially a lot of redheads in aspen forests near Kamensk.
Varieties. Along with red boletus - the most popular among brothers, in the Rostov forests you can meet:
- Oak boletus. He has a brick red hat, and the flesh is white and gray. At the cut, the flesh becomes blue-purple, then blackens.
- Yellow brown boletus. He has a light leg and a tan hat. The leg becomes blue-green when cut.
Oak boletus
Yellow boletus
Doubles. False boletus is also called mustard, pepper mushroom. It grows only in coniferous forests. The easiest way to distinguish mustard is from pink flesh.
Boletus
Description. The hat is dark brown. Diameter - up to 18 cm. From hemispherical, the hat becomes pincushion. The leg is long, cylindrical.
Where and when does it grow? Rostov region is not rich in noble mushrooms. Brown birch trees are rare here, and only in birch forests - under favorable weather conditions. If the weather is rainy, appear in the summer, fruiting - until October. Mushroom pickers noticed that boletus found in the area of Kamensk-Shakhtinsky.
Doubles. It is sometimes confused with false birch mushrooms, which are also called bile mushrooms. Its hat is brownish in color, but it is easy to recognize by its bitter taste.
Butterflies
Description. They have sticky and oily hats with a diameter of 5-15 cm, hemispherical, less often - conical in shape. Color changes depending on conditions - from yellow and ocher to brown and brown. White leg - 4-10 cm. In the Rostov region, a real oiler is growing.
The butterflies are cooked for only 15-20 minutes - they are fried, stewed, boiled. They include not only minerals and vitamins, but even aphrodisiacs and antibiotics.
Where and when does it grow? The harvest season, starting in the summer, lasts until the fall. Fully oiled in the pine trees near Millerovo, Veshenskaya, Nizhnekundryuchenskaya. They are collected near the settlements of Azov, Mine, in the pine plantations of the Tarasovsky district. They grow on the fringes, along trails, on clearings, in areas with coniferous young growth.
Doubles. Oilframes are often confused with edible moss mushrooms. Also like young panther fly agarics.
Wake
Description. It is easy to recognize the wave by the pink hat with fringe and concentric circles. She has a short, hollow leg, and the taste is bitter. They are soaked and salted. Use as a seasoning for other mushrooms.
Where and when does it grow? They grow in mixed and deciduous forests. They form fungus root (mycorrhiza) with birch trees. Often grow in heap colonies. Fruiting begins in June, mass collection - August-October. Finding thrush stands where mushrooms grow - in the Millerovsky district.
Varieties. Volnushki prefer northern latitudes, so no mass collection of this fungus in the Rostov region has been noticed. Occasionally here you can find thrills:
- Pink. Ordinary waves of classic pink color. Her name is often Volzhanka.
- Whites. These waves are also called whites - the color of the hat. They are smaller and more nondescript than pink waves.
Pink pink
White top
Doubles. It is difficult to confuse the flakes with other mushrooms, unless with some of the mammary ones. There are no poisonous waves. Foreign catalogs often rank the thrush as an inedible mushroom, but in Russia they know how to properly process it to get a delicious pickle.
Ginger
Description. Bright mushroom with an orange hat. In the center is a recess, and the edges are bent inward. In diameter - 3-12 cm. The leg is fragile and hollow, short - 7-9 cm. Milky juice stands out on the cut.
Where and when does it grow? "Hunting" for saffron mushrooms can begin at the end of July. They bear fruit until the beginning of September - if the weather is favorable. Large colonies of saffron milk mushrooms were seen near the village of Degtevo, in the Millerovsky district. Redheads love to grow on sandy soils, which is why they are more common in pine trees, love to grow under larch and pine trees - from the north side.
Some mushrooms have to be soaked before pickles for several days, and salted mushrooms can be eaten in two weeks - this is the fastest mushroom in pickling.
Varieties. Look for two species of camelina in the pine forests of the Rostov Region:
- Real or spruce. Likes to grow in spruce forests - large families. In Europe, he is considered inedible, and in Russia, he is considered delicious. Fir-tree saffron can be distinguished from pine on the bent edges of the hat.
- Pine or pine forest. This species is less common, grows only in pine forests, on sandstones. It usually grows alone. Collect it even after frosts.
Ginger real
Ginger pine
Doubles. The saffron milk has no poisonous doubles. It can only be confused with false saffron milk mushrooms.
Dummies
Description. The hat is in the form of a bell, scaly. Large flakes - similar to flakes. The manure is thin and fragile, there is almost no pulp in it, it is not in demand among mushroom pickers.
Where and when does it grow? Dungweeds are characterized by an unprecedented growth rate - in a few hours, the mushroom can grow to an adult size, completing the growth cycle. It grows on manure, for which he got his name. You can find dung beetles in the forest, in the park, in the landfill - they grow anywhere, if only there is fertile soil. Fruits in May-October.
Varieties. There are a large number of dung beetles, but none of the species is interested in mushroom pickers - they prefer to hunt mushrooms, mushrooms or honey mushrooms in the forests than to sort out the varieties of dubious dung beetles. And they grow a lot in the southern regions, for example, dung beetle:
- Gray;
- silver;
- ordinary;
- white;
- leggy and others.
Gray dung mushroom
Silver mushroom dung beetle
Common dung mushroom
White dung mushroom
Bullock
Doubles. Dungsters have no poisonous doubles.
Gruzdy
Description. A real hat has a cream yellow or white hat. The leg is short and dense. Milky juice is secreted on the cut. The diameter of the hats is up to 20 cm. Breasts grow in groups, but it is not easy to find them - they are well masked under needles and foliage.
Once in Russia, a breast was considered the only species suitable for salting. The mushrooms were called "royal" mushrooms.
Where and when does it grow? Mushrooms prefer to create a mushroom root with birch - under them they need to be searched. They are found on the edges and glades of forests - coniferous and deciduous. Begin to bear fruit in July. In the Rostov Region, the breasts are not happy with the harvests; meeting him here is a great success.
Real chest
Varieties. In the Rostov forests and plantings, in addition to a real pile, you can find a black pile. His hat is 6-15 cm with felt-tucked edges. The color is almost black. At the break - white milky juice. Light leg up to 7 cm, brittle, cylindrical, spotty.
Doubles. Often confused with the conditionally edible varieties of lumps, which differ in bitter taste - this is a lump of pepper, camphor, felt and golden yellow.
Morels
Description. An early mushroom that does not cause enthusiasm among mushroom pickers. Gourmets appreciate it - the mushroom has a rich taste and aroma. He has a honeycomb ocher-yellow hat. Morel does not have plates; in fact, it also has flesh - he has a brittle, cartilaginous body. Leg is thin, fragile, up to 8 cm long.
Where and when does it grow? It grows on fertile soils in forests of any type. Appears in April. It is better to hiccup on sandy soils, in pine trees. Often grows at clearings, along roads, at the edges.
Varieties. In the forests and plantings in early spring you can find morels of different types:
- Ordinary - he has an egg-shaped hat with cells. Color - tan. Height - up to 10 cm.
- Conical - he has a hollow pointed hat. The mesh hat is 2/3 of the height of the morel. Leg - up to 4.5 m tall.
- Steppe - the largest morel growing in Russia. He has a spherical hat of gray-brown color. The diameter of the cap is from 2 to 10-15 cm.
Morel ordinary
Morel conical
Morel steppe
Doubles. False morels smell bad - like rotten meat. However, the French consider it delicious. He has a bell-shaped hat 5 cm high. The mushroom has a dark olive mucous hat and a white leg up to 30 cm long.
Lines
Description. Raw strings are deadly poisonous. At the same time, they are eaten after special cooking. His hat is dark brown, winding. Irregular shape. They are often confused with morels, and therefore there are poisonings.
Recently, scientists found in the lines of strong poison - gyromitrin, which does not decompose during cooking or drying. The content of the poison depends on the place of growth. Line poisoning recorded, for example, in Germany.
Where and when does it grow? Like morel, the line grows in April. It is more common in pine trees, but can grow in fields, parks, gardens.
Varieties. The line has varieties growing not only in the Rostov region, but also in most of our country:
- Ordinary. Irregularly rounded hat with a diameter of 2-13 cm. Color - chestnut brown. The leg is hollow, light, flattened. It smells good.
- Giant. A winding hat with cavities inside reaches 30 cm in diameter. The leg is only 2-3 cm high - it is not visible under the hat.
The line is ordinary
Giant stitch
Doubles. The line does not have poisonous doubles; it is quite dangerous itself if the technology of its preparation is violated.
Chanterelles
Description. In a fox, a real (ordinary) leg and a hat are inseparable from each other. The color of the mushroom body is bright yellow. The hat is 5-12 cm in diameter. The mushroom is distinguished by high palatability.
Where and when does it grow? Fruits all summer and autumn - until October. Prefer mixed forests. Love wet areas. They grow in colonies. Often grow on stumps. For chanterelles they go to the forests near Rostov, Mines, Azov and Semikarakorsk.
Doubles. It can be confused with false chanterelle - this is an inedible mushroom, characterized by low nutritional qualities. Information about its toxicity is contradictory. You can distinguish a double by a piercingly bright color.
May mushroom
Description. Other names are May rowing or kalotsibe. Hat 4-10 cm in diameter. Round, hemispherical or pillow-shaped. The leg is thick and short - 2-7 cm. The color of the hat and legs is the same - cream. The pulp is white and dense, the smell and taste of flour. This particular mushroom is mainly appreciated by gourmets.
Where and when does it grow? Appears in May, and by the summer completely disappears. It grows in groups, forming circles. It is found everywhere, not only in forests, but in the steppe, it can even grow on a lawn or in a garden.
Doubles. Are absent.
Mushrooms
Description. These mushrooms grow in large families. Grow on stumps, dead and damaged trees. They have small scaly hats and thin legs with “skirts”. On hats at young mushrooms - a tubercle.
Where and when does it grow? Prefer deciduous trees. Fruiting - September-October. Distributed in the coastal zone of the Don River, as well as in the Semikarakorsky district.
Varieties. In the Rostov region, these types of honey mushrooms grow:
- Winter. He has a mucous copper-yellow or orange-brown hat. Creamy flesh with a pleasant smell. Hats - 2-10 cm in diameter.
- Lugovoi. Spherical and bell-shaped hats spread out with age - with a tubercle. Color - buffy and tan. Diameter - 2-6 cm.
- Autumn. Hats are buffy with scales, 3-10 cm. White fragrant flesh.
Winter honey agaric
Honey agaric
Autumn honey agaric
Doubles. The most dangerous double is sulfur-yellow mushroom, which differs from edible mushrooms in a piercingly bright color and the absence of scales.
Champignon
Description. Champignon ordinary has a fleshy grayish-white hat - first hemispherical, then prostrate. The white flesh turns slightly pink at the break. The plates are pink, then brown. Hat diameter - 5-15 cm. Leg - 3-8 cm in height.
Where and when does it grow? The fruiting period is from the end of May to October. They grow ring-shaped colonies. Many champignons in Chertkovsky district. They love fertile soils, they grow everywhere - in forests, plantings, parks.
Varieties. In the Rostov region, in addition to ordinary champignon, also occurs:
- Champignon Bernard. The hat is large, thick-fleshed, measuring 8-20 cm. If you touch the whitish-brown hat, it slowly turns red. On top of the hat are scales. The mushroom is edible, but not tasty.
- Straw yellow champignon. When pressed, the domed hat is whitish in color, turns yellow.
Doubles. The most dangerous thing is to confuse champignon with a pale grebe. While the grebe is small, it looks like champignon in color and shape. There is also a yellow-skinned champignon - it is poisonous. The pulp is white, but at the base of the leg it turns yellow, smells of iodine. If you press on the hat, it will turn yellow.
Oyster mushrooms
Description. Oyster mushroom ordinary or oyster is most often found in nature. She has a bulging hat 3-25 cm, open. It is asymmetrical, similar in shape to a fan. Hats are painted in grayish shades. A solid leg 3-12 cm long, tapers to the base. Only hats are eaten.
Where and when does it grow? Grows everywhere, prefers stumps, deadwood, dead wood. He likes to grow on poplars, willow, nuts, aspen. Fruiting from April to November.
Varieties. Along with ordinary oyster mushroom, in Rostov forests, you can find oyster mushroom. She is edible. Hat - funnel-shaped, gray or brown.
Doubles. There are no poisonous analogues, there are only inedible mushrooms that look like oyster mushrooms.
Dubovik
Description. In the Rostov region grows oak tree (dupe). The hat is thick-fleshy, round, pillow-shaped. To the touch - velvety, color - brownish, from olive to brown. The flesh turns blue at a break. The smell is pleasant. The hat is 4-12 cm. The leg expands to the bottom, its height is 7-15 cm.
Where and when does it grow? It grows well in the steppe zone. Prefers beech and hornbeam groves. Growth time - May-October. Occasionally found in plantings and forests of different regions of the region, was seen near the villages of Zelenchukskaya.
Doubles. Dubovik can be confused with a satanic mushroom, which is also blue on the cut. You can distinguish a poisonous mushroom by a reddish leg.
Flywheel
Description. In the forests and plantings of the Rostov region, you can find a fissured flywheel. His hat is 3-10 cm in diameter, thick-fleshy, first convex, then prostrate. Color - from orange-reddish to dark brown. Velvety at first, with age it becomes bare and dry. Leg yellow or rusty, 3-6 cm in height, curved.
Where and when does it grow? It can be found in June-September in poplar and oak plantations, in pine forests, in willows.
Doubles. It can be confused with the pink-footed moss fly, which refers to conditionally edible mushrooms.
Pipers
Description. There are few edible species among polypore dwellers because of their hard flesh. Hats - open, with or without legs.
Where and when does it grow? Pipers grow on wood, occasionally on soil. Often found in clearings, they can grow on both living and dead trees. The fruiting bodies of many tinder grow all year round.
Pipers are parasites that destroy a tree.
Varieties. In the Rostov region there are two edible tinderware:
- Scaly. Fruit bodies prostrate, hat 5 to 50 cm thick. Color - whitish or cream. The hat is covered with large brownish scales. There is a leg - dense, 4-8 cm in length. Fruiting - May-September.
- Sulfur yellow. The loose body is 10-40 cm in diameter. Thickness - 4-6 cm. They eat in a young form. Semicircular or shapeless. Color - orange, sulfur yellow, ocher.
Tinder fungus scaly
Tinder funnel sulfur yellow
Inedible tinder fungus
Doubles. In the region there are tinder fungi - bristly-haired, pine, birch, real and false - all of them are inedible.
Umbrellas
Description. A delicious mushroom from the champignon family. Looks like an open umbrella - a domed hat on a thin leg. The diameter of the hat is 35-45 cm. The height of the legs is 30-40 cm. The hats are dry with a small amount of flakes.
Where and when does it grow? Umbrellas grow from June to October-November - depending on the species. They are found on pastures, meadows, in forests of various types. Among mushroom pickers undeservedly not in demand. Umbrellas can be collected in the landings of the Tarasovsky and Chertkovsky districts, in other places of the region.
Varieties. In the Rostov region, you can find two types of umbrellas:
- Blushing. Hat 5-10 cm. Ovoid, bell-shaped. Grayish-brown color. The leg is thin, up to 25 cm. The whitish leg turns red when touched.
- Variegated (large). Reaches 40 cm in diameter. In the center of the grayish-brown hat is a tubercle. Covered with flakey scales. Leg 10-38 cm, fibrous-scaly.
Mushroom umbrella blushing
Mushroom variegated umbrella
Mushroom umbrella can be confused with poisonous chlorophyllum dark brown
Doubles. Can be confused with poisonous counterparts - dark brown chlorophyllum, lead-slag chlorophyllum and with smelly fly agaric.
Deer mushroom
Description. Deer mushroom or whip is unpopular among mushroom pickers. Many take it for a poisonous mushroom. He has a brown hat - light or brown. In diameter - 5-15 cm. In the center - a tubercle. A bell-shaped hat becomes outstretched. The leg is long, fibrous. The pulp smells like radish.
Where and when does it grow? Fruiting from May to autumn. Grows on stumps, on wood, on soil.
Doubles. Toxic doubles are absent. It is easy to confuse with the edible relatives of the plupites. Inexperienced mushroom pickers often take deer mushroom for toadstools.
Pepper orange
Description. This little-known mushroom has a saucer-shaped and cup-shaped hat with curved upwards edges. These fragile mushrooms are bright orange. The inside of the hats is smooth, the outside is matte. The taste and smell of white pulp is not expressed.
Where and when does it grow? Fruiting - mid-summer-end of September. In the Rostov region there are few who want to collect this strange fungus. Although it grows everywhere - from roadsides to sand piles.
Culinary specialists use pepper to decorate dishes - its bright pulp serves as a wonderful decoration. This mushroom is able to remove toxins and cleanses the body after chemotherapy.
Doubles. You can confuse it only with other types of peppers, but there are no poisonous ones among them.
Gingerbread
Description. The gentler or entoloma garden is distinguished by pinkish plates. The hat is 7-10 cm. The shape is bell-shaped, convex-conical. The color is whitish gray. The legs are often bent and twisted, 10-12 cm high. Refers to conditionally edible.
Where and when does it grow? They grow in forests of any type, often found in orchards - under apple trees, apricots, etc. mass fruiting is the month of June. Grows in families.
Varieties. In addition to the garden entoloma, in the Rostov forests and gardens, you can find the entoloma pale brown, which differs from the sub-apricot in the color of the hat. It grows in May and June.
Doubles. Edible entomols can be confused with their poisonous counterpart - poisonous entolome. She has a large, up to 20 cm, hat off-white.
Flammulin
Description. Flammulina belongs to the family of ordinary. The second name is winter mushroom. Hat at a young age is hemispherical, then prostrate. Color tan or honey. The hat is darker in the center. In wet weather, the hat becomes mucous. In adult specimens, the hat becomes stained. Watery pulp with a pleasant smell and taste.
Where and when does it grow? Fruits in late autumn and even at the beginning of winter. Places of growth - stumps, deadwood. It grows mainly on deciduous trees. In the Rostov region, these mushrooms can be found in plantings and forests of different regions.
Doubles. There is practically no one to confuse with flammulina - as late as she, other mushrooms do not grow. At earlier times, it is confused with mushrooms growing on wood - for example, with an inedible spindle-legged collibia. She has a red-brown hat and a twisted leg.
Poisonous and inedible mushrooms
The Rostov region, in comparison with mushroom regions, is poor in noble mushrooms. But there are enough poisonous species - they are several times more than edible. To protect yourself from mistakes, carefully study the external signs of the most dangerous mushrooms.
Death cap
Description. Hat with a diameter of 5-15 cm, shape - hemisphere. As the hat grows, it becomes flat. The edges are smooth. It is painted in greenish or grayish shades. The cylindrical leg is 8-16 cm high. The leg is thickened at the bottom, and a film ring at the top. White flesh does not change color when cut. The taste is pleasant, the smell is mushroom.
Where and when does it grow? Toadstools bear fruit in the last decade of summer, and continue to grow until autumn cold weather. It lives more often in deciduous forests, prefers to grow under beeches and hornbeams. He loves humus soils. In the Rostov region there are many pale grebes in the northern part.
Who can be confused with? Toadstools are usually confused with russula and mushrooms, popular among mushroom pickers. It can be distinguished from edible mushrooms by the following features:
- below the legs - ovoid thickening;
- in the upper part - a ring located in the upper part of the leg;
- differs from champignons in the color of the plates - they are white in the toadstools and do not become darker with age;
- Toadstool differs from russula in moire pattern on a leg.
The most poisonous mushroom, the use of which ends in death in 90% of cases.
Fly agaric
Description. In young fly agarics, a hat looks like an egg, it is pressed tightly to the leg. Then it opens, it becomes flat, it is covered with white flakes.
Where and when does it grow? It is found in spruce and pine forests - in coniferous forests. Less commonly, in mixed forests. They grow mainly in the north and west of the Rostov region. Fruiting - August-October.
Varieties. In the Rostov region there are two types of fly agaric:
- Royal. He has a brownish hat with a blackout in the center. Diameter is 7-20 cm. The leg is white, 9-20 cm high. At the bottom there is a thickening, under the hat there is a “skirt”. The flesh is brownish, odorless. Royal fly agaric is rarely found in deciduous forests, more often in birch forests.
- Red. Hat - 8-20 cm. Initially spherical, flattened with age. Bright red-orange color. On a sticky and shiny hat - white warty flakes. The leg is white, thin, up to 20 cm high.
Who can be confused with? Amanita has a noticeable appearance - they are easy to distinguish by bright hats studded with white flakes.
Sulfur Yellow
Description. This row is also called sulphurous. For hats with a diameter of 3-8 cm, the edges are tucked inward. The color of the hats is from dirty white to brownish. White flesh with a powdery smell and taste. Greenish-yellow plates grow to the stem. Long legs - up to 11 cm.
Where and when does it grow? They grow on sandy and mossy soils. There are more rows in the coniferous forests, but they can also be found in the field, in the meadow, in gardens and parks. Fruits in late August to frost.
Who can be confused with? Sulfur rowans have a bitter taste, and the flesh smells like hydrogen sulfide - these signs help not to confuse the poisonous mushroom with conditionally edible rows.
Gymnastics bright (poisonous moth)
Description. In the forests of the Rostov region, you can find the penetrating hymnopil. Fruit body is from 3 to 11 cm. Hats are convex or flat with a central tubercle. The color of the hat is yellow, red or rusty brown. White or yellow flesh. Legs are cylindrical, thickened at the base, often bent.
Where and when does it grow? It grows on stumps, on coniferous trees. Fruiting usually lasts from August to November.
Who can be confused with? Gymnasts are inedible, they all have bitter flesh. Usually they are confused with honey mushrooms by inexperienced mushroom pickers.
The specialist talks about the difficulties of recognizing hymnopes. How not to confuse winter mushrooms with a fire:
Rostov Region does not spoil mushroom pickers with the variety and abundance of edible mushrooms. But in favorable weather, and knowledge of mushroom places, you can collect a good "crop". The main thing is not to confuse edible species with inedible and poisonous mushrooms, which are always enough in the southern regions.
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