Today there is a huge variety of horse breeds. Their significant differences are external characteristics, use and other parameters. The article describes the breed of horses intended for riding.
American horse
The American riding horse has an attractive appearance. This is a spectacular animal, which is preferred by horseback riding enthusiasts. A horse has a powerful physique, because of which, sitting on top of it, a person does not feel fear, only confidence.
American horses are very agile and smart, kind and good. They have a calm character. The breed was bred by American planters in the 19th century. The goal of the breed was to get a horse for a long ride. The American horseback has a comfortable and soft ride. It moves smoothly, without sudden movements. This is the main value.
The animal has a dry, narrow head with the correct outline. The head is located on a thin, long, beautifully curved neck. The withers are high. The back is strong, short. The weight of the horse varies from 450 to 540 kilograms. The height at the withers is from 1.5 to 1.7 meters.
English race
English horses gained popularity due to their speed. Animals are not only very welcome, but also expensive. The breed is specific, not suitable for beginners. It is considered one of the best among those that are designed for riding. Horses are used in English hunting.
Appearance Features:
- growth - from 165 to 175 cm;
- weight - 450-600 kg;
- long muscular body, high withers;
- short, straight hair,
- elongated face with a straight profile;
- small ears, expressive eyes.
American horses are black, bay, brown, red, gray.
The breed was bred at the beginning of the 18th century when Arabian stallions were brought to England to cross with the best local mares. Already then in the country horse racing gained popularity. Speed and endurance are the main criteria taken into account when breeding a new breed. The horse has become ideal for riding.
The only drawback of English horses is its high-spirited disposition, uncontrollability, and excitability. The animals are moody and hot.
Arab thoroughbred
This breed is considered very ancient and at the same time noble. It was brought out by the Bedouins in BC. The Arabian horse is characterized by a dry head with a concave profile. The animal has expressive eyes, lively temperament and a smooth step. For these reasons, the breed is considered the most elegant animal.
The height of the horse at the withers is 140-156 cm. The horse is small, it has a proportional body. The head is not large with a wide forehead, thin lips. The legs are strong, slender. Life expectancy is 25-30 years. The weight of the animal varies from 400 to 600 kilograms. The horse has a massive, straight back, wide chest and a taut belly. The legs are thin, slender, expressive eyes. Speed - 50-60 kilometers per hour.
The most common suit of the breed is gray and its shades. Bay and red individuals are also common. There are Arabian horses of karakova, pinto, silver bay, black color.
Menorah horse
The Menorah horse is characterized by a strong character, endurance, courage. The animal is easy to train. Often used to participate in quadrille, where synchronized performance is required - horses, rise on their hind legs, spin, demonstrate their skills.
Menorca's homeland is the island of Menorca, located in the Mediterranean Sea. Not so long ago, this breed became popular. Externally, the Menorah horse resembles the Spanish Andalusian horse, but some features distinguish it. Horse height varies between 154-160 centimeters for mares and 162-165 centimeters for males.
A horse is considered to be long-laced. The animal has long and dry legs, a lush elongated tail and mane, a small head with neat ears. Menorah horses are exclusively black. A holiday is annually held on the island, when horses are dressed up in traditional costumes - animals delight residents with beautiful performances.
Akhal-Teke
Akhal-Teke horse is an oriental breed intended for riding. Appeared in the third millennium BC in Central Asia in the oasis of Akhal. Animals are characterized by dryness, growth - their height reaches from 155 to 163 centimeters.
Horses have long legs and back, slightly lowered croup. The head is small, the eyes are almond-shaped, long ears. Distinctive features are a rare mane and tail, thin skin and satin shine of the hairline. Horses have a passionate temperament - they are touchy, independent, proud. They tend to get used to one person, but practically can not accept the change of ownership.
The most common colors of the Akhaltians are black, bulan, bay. Less common are animals of isabella, silver color. Horses are used for riding, in sports, hunting. They tolerate heat very well.
Budennovskaya
The official date of birth of the Budennovskaya horse is considered November 15, 1948. The selection began in 1920. For crossing used Don mares and thoroughbred supreme stallions. Horses are distinguished by good racing qualities, I use them in horse racing, show jumping and other sporting events.
The height of the horses varies from 160 to 180 centimeters. There are individuals that vary in structure:
- Massive. Strong constitution, developed muscles and skeleton.
- Characteristic. Massiveness and dryness, playfulness of animals.
- East. The constitution is dry, the forms are more rounded. Animals are hardy, but at the same time capricious and demanding.
Budyonnovsky horses are dominated by a red color. The breed has a dry head, a straight profile. Long and powerful back. Horses are efficient, strong, hardy, outwardly attractive.
Hanover
Today, Hannover horses are considered one of the most popular in Europe. They were taken out in 1735 in the city of Celle, which at that time was located in the Duchy of Hanover. For breeding, we used local horses and Arab, Danish and Andalusian stallions, and then thoroughbred horse breed. Hanoverian horses came to Russia after World War II.
The growth and length of the animal’s body varies between 160-168 centimeters. It has a large massive physique. A small head sits on an elegant, long neck. The withers are high, well developed. Distinctive features - a strong powerful body, strong and short legs.
Hannover horses usually have the same color. More often bay and red animals are found. Less common are black and gray horses. They are very mobile and jumping, light and sophisticated. Horses have a flexible disposition. Hannoverians are popular in show jumping and dressage.
Holstein
Holstein horses have a large head, with a straight profile and expressive eyes. The animal has a long, powerful neck, wide ganache, strong legs with large hooves. Horse growth ranges from 165 to 175 centimeters. Holstein people are bay, gray, black or red.
Extremely rare Bulan Holstein. At the beginning of the 20th century, the breed was crossed with ChKV (thoroughbred riding horse) to relieve the skeleton, one of them was the marlon stallion 10.
The breed is especially suitable for beginner riders. Horses get along well with people, are stress-resistant and peaceful. The advantage of these animals is their ability to jump. Holstein horses are used for hunting show jumping, driving.
Donskaya
The Don breed was bred by local Cossacks during the 18-19 centuries on the Don. Horses were considered ideal for both agricultural use and war. In the process of selection used Karabakh, Arab and Persian horses.
Don horse is not as jumping as other breeds, but hardy and unpretentious. The body of the animal is massive and powerful, its growth reaches up to 170 centimeters. The head is small, located on a long neck. It has a strong and wide chest, strong and elongated legs with wide hooves. Horses have a calm character, red color.
Today, animals are popular for use in agriculture, sports, and horseback riding.
Iberian
Iberian horses are considered ancient and noble, flexible and at the same time elegant. Since ancient times, animals have been the main "transport" of brave knights and warriors. It is this breed of horses that Homer refers to in his works as "sons of the wind."
Horses got this name due to their place of origin - graceful horses appeared on the Iberian Peninsula in the territory of modern Spain and Portugal, inhabited by Iberians.
Today, the breed is divided into several subtypes:
- Andalusian. Occurs from the territory of Spain.
- Lusitano. It happened from the territory of Portugal.
- Alter real. It is located in an intermediate position and geographically belongs to the Portuguese subtype, but its features are closer to the Andalusian one.
The color of horses may vary depending on the subspecies. For example, Andalusian horses are more often found in gray, and representatives of the Portuguese line are gray and richly bay. In horses, alter real is often bay and dark bay coat color. The growth of animals varies between 150-162 centimeters.
Horses have a shortened powerful body with a rounded croup, powerful legs, an elongated neck. The Iberians have long, wavy hair on their tail and mane. The forehead is large, almond-shaped eyes, flat or with a humpy nose.
Iberian horses are a bit similar in appearance to eastern Arab animals, but Iberians have better physical indicators, and the braking moment is several times more powerful.
Horses are able to quickly become attached to the owner, they easily come in contact with the rider during the ride. Animals are smart, bold, kind, balanced. Today they are used in areas where flexibility, elegance and grace are important: team, show jumping, show corrida, high school.
Kabardinskaya
Kabardian horses are considered valuable and old breeds of horses that are included in world horse catalogs. The main goal of modern breeding is to grow horses suitable for horse riding and horse riding. Breeding stallions and breeding stock are highly valued outside their region. Already by the name of the breed it is clear that horses appeared in one of the regions of the North Caucasus.
Kabardian horses are highly intelligent. An animal treats its owner very gently. Kabardinians begin to show temperament from a young age, and are particularly difficult to dressage. This process is very dangerous for riders and often ends in failure and injury. After the horse manages to go round, he becomes affectionate and obedient.
The height of the animal at the withers reaches up to 156 centimeters, the length of the body - up to 158 centimeters. These are the largest horses of the Caucasus. Their distinguishing feature is a strong constitution, a long body, dry limbs and strong hooves. The horse has a dry head and nose with a hump, a low neck, mane and tail are thick. There are bay, black, Karak, less often gray horses.
Karabakh
These are medium-sized horses with the correct build, shortened neck and small head, the chest of animals is shallow, the mane and tail are silky. Growth varies between 142-150 centimeters.
The Karabakh horse breed was bred on the mountain plateau of present-day Karabakh, namely in the interfluve of the Araks and the Kura. The horse has a bold, obedient disposition. Able to overcome obstacles and barriers, it is used for horseback riding in mountain plains and hills.
Karabakh horses are very energetic, they are hardworking, loyal, optimistic and playful. Animals with warmth and kindness relate to humans, show friendliness. They like to compete with their own kind in jumping, jumping. Show excellent results in sports.
Kiger mustang
Kiger Mustang is a breed closely related to horses that were introduced to America by conquistadors in about 1600. The first Kiger Mustangs were discovered in 1977 in Oregon. The height of the animals varies between 132-160 centimeters. Horses ride under the saddle; harnesses are worse, but are great for agricultural work.
The animals have a gray-brown color with a reddish tint. Usually black or dark brown mane. Animals can predominate with marks on their backs or legs - they are similar to stripes, like zebras. Kiger mustangs are characterized by liveliness and intelligence, due to which they are ideally used for riding.
Lack of breed - distrust of people. But at the same time they are hardy, able to adapt to difficult living conditions. They are tamed, but this is a very complex process.
Marvari
The main feature of the appearance is the unique shape of the ears - not a single horse in the world is found again. The ears are wrapped inward and in contact with the tips. The length of the ears can reach up to 15 centimeters and rotate 180 degrees.
Marvar horses possess unique data: a neck proportional to the body, graceful and long legs, and a pronounced withers. The animal has a large head, a straight profile. The skeleton of the horse is formed so that the shoulder joints are located at a smaller angle to the legs than other breeds. Due to this feature, the animal does not get stuck in the sand and does not lose speed when moving on heavy soil. The structure of the shoulders allows the animals to move smoothly and gently - this feature is appreciated by riders.
Marvari are brave, beautiful, energetic and hardy horses. They have excellent hearing - so the horse can learn about impending danger in a timely manner. The most common are horses of red and bay colors. The most expensive are pinto and gray animals.
Russian horse
Russian riding horse is another well-known domestic breed. The horses are famous not only for their amazing exterior, but also for excellent physical characteristics. From the most ancient times, horse hunting was famous for in Russia, for it frisky, calm and obedient horses were chosen to become a high-ranking lady under the saddle. These are exactly what Russian riding horses are considered to be.
Today, animals are successfully used in equestrian sports, including eventing. Horses are also suitable for jumping. The breed was bred on the basis of a Russian horse, crossed with English thoroughbreds and German breeds.
Russian riding horses have similarities with the Frisian and Akhal-Teke breed. Russian horses are perfectly built, their body shape resembles a square. These are strong, powerful, tall animals with strict, piercing eyes.
The Russian horse breed of horses has a beautiful smooth body, an expressive occipital part and a small withers. The animal has well-developed muscles throughout the body, the back is even and straight. The most popular are the black, karak and bay horses of this breed.
An important distinguishing feature is a friendly and calm disposition. But animals do not allow beginners to reach themselves - horses are able to reveal their potential only under an experienced rider. Animals are well trained, due to which they are often taken to the competition and shows.
Terskaya
Before this breed appeared, streltsy horses bred in the 19th century in the Luhansk region were popular. But the Civil War took away many horse heads, because of which it was not possible to restore the breed.In 1925, breeding work began with surviving individuals of the Streltsy breed, Don, Kabardian and Arabian males. In 1948, the appearance of a new breed of Tersky was recorded at the Terek plant.
The height of Terek horses does not exceed 153 centimeters. Animals have a muscular, dry physique, they have a broad back and strong legs. The concave dry head profile and protruding ears make the breed recognizable.
Animals have a thick and soft mane. There are three types of Terek horses: characteristic, light, thick.
The horses have a calm, balanced, peaceful disposition. They are easy to learn, have strong immunity. Dominated by silver-gray, bay, red color.
Trakenenskaya
The Trakenen breed of horses was bred in the second half of the 18th century in East Prussia. The breed is not much different from the purebred supreme breed. For more than 30 years, Trakenen horses have been used in equestrian sports.
The growth of horses is 160-169 centimeters. The color of the suit is karakova, red, black, bay and sometimes gray. The animal has large and large eyes, a thin aristocratic neck, an elongated torso and a wide chest. The head is dry and perfect. Distinctive features - graceful movements, ease and smoothness when walking. Gait gives some charm. The animals have muscular, straight legs with large hooves.
The breed is mainly used in equestrian sports. Previously, they were in demand for agricultural purposes, because animals are very hardy. The appearance of elegant horses allows them to be used for riding.
Lippician
Lippician horses are a riding breed. Animals have a beautiful exterior and high working qualities. Although horses have such advantages, the breed has not been able to gain popularity among horse breeders. Only the Spanish riding school liked the positive qualities of the breed.
The name of the horse came from the location of the stud farm, where these horses were first bred. At first the factory was in Lipitsa. At that time, the city was considered the administrative unit of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Today these places belong to Slovenia.
Lippician horses are small, with an average height of not more than 158 centimeters at the withers. Externally, the breed is similar to the Arabian horses:
- long body;
- a small head with small ears;
- rounded croup;
- short neck with a characteristic bend;
- magnificent, low set tail;
- dry limbs.
Lippians seem to have a white coat, but experienced breeders call this color light gray. This is due to the fact that white horses are born with fair skin and the same coat color. Gray horses have dark skin and eyes. As you grow older, the skin brightens and turns gray. Rare and bay individuals are occasionally found.
As a result of constant training, it was possible to develop a gait - a step and run of a horse, speed. Such horses can hardly gallop due to the fact that the breed was not used for fast movement.
The breed's advantage is congenital rhythm, ability to train, quick wits, natural balance, longevity, disposition towards people, late adulthood, quick wits.
Ukrainian horse
The Ukrainian horse breed was bred as a result of many crosses, during which European and Eastern breeds were used. The animal has a high growth, a straight back, a deep and wide chest, strong, correctly placed limbs with well-developed joints. The head is regular in shape, high withers, long neck. The body is massive and well developed. There are bay, black and gray horses, less often salt individuals.
In the breed there are three types:
- Characteristic. The growth of horses of this type is 162 cm. The animals have a well-developed body and skeleton, a dry and strong constitution, and a pronounced riding stock.
- Easy. Outwardly, horses are similar to individuals of a characteristic type, but are shorter than 160 cm in height. Their body and skeleton are less developed.
- Thick. These horses are 161 cm tall. Horses have a massive body, a "raw" constitution.
The advantages of Ukrainian horses include calm temperament and friendliness, agility and mobility, endurance, learning ability, intelligence and quick wit, productivity of movements on all gait.
Chilean
Chilean horse native to South America. This is a fairly ancient breed that came to Chile in 1536 along with Diego Almagro (Spanish conquistador). So the Chilean breed of horse appeared.
The clergyman Rodrigo Gonzalez de Marmoleijo in 1544 was recognized as the first breed breeder. And the best horses were taken across America and even further.
Due to the fact that the country is quite isolated from the outside world by deserts, the ocean, glaciers and mountains, the breed developed clean, which contributed to the absence of impurities of other genes. The horse's original purpose was military purposes, but it was also bred for household purposes, usually for working with livestock. This became the reason for saving the animal from upcoming technological progress and replacing everything.
The horse is small in size and weighs about 300 kg. Chilean horse has a thick coat, mane and tail. The animal has developed musculature, a strong skeleton. There are various colors of horses, with the exception of white color. Horses are characterized by a calm disposition, increased resistance to disease, rapid restoration of shape after injuries or illnesses.
Swiss warm-blooded
Swiss warm-blooded breed of horses (Einsedler) was bred back in the distant 10th century. The beginning was laid in a monastery in the city of Einsedler. Then this breed was called "Cavalli della Madonna".
The main goal of the monks was to create a hardworking breed that would carry out various work. They used local horses for crossbreeding, but this also helped the monks get the perfect horse, named after the city of birth.
Often, clean horses were crossed with Turkish, Spanish, Frisian horses, but this did not give positive results. Attempts were completed in 1784, and resumed thanks to the monk Isidore Moserom, who restored the tribal book.
The monk continued to cross the Swiss horse with other breeds, including Yorkshire, Irish, German, Swedish, English, French horses - this contributed to the improvement of the current breed. In the 19th century, the horse was actively used in cavalry.
Swiss horses are characterized by a peaceful, calm disposition, they are used in sports competitions, to manage the crew, as well as to help in the household.
The Swiss horse has a long neck, muscular chest, straight back, and slender legs. The animal looks graceful and neat. The growth of a horse varies between 155-165 centimeters. It is found in all suits of a homogeneous type.
Horse breeders have long known which breeds are profitable to breed, depending on the goals. Some horses are used exclusively for horseback riding, others are used to help in agriculture, to take part in competitions.
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