If you decide to plant white cabbage in your garden, you are probably wondering which variety of this vegetable you should choose? Each cabbage variety has its pros and cons, which you need to know about before buying seeds. Next, you will find out what types of cabbage are, their features.
Early ripe white cabbage
The best time to plant early ripe cabbage is the beginning of March. When 4-5 leaves appear, young seedlings are transplanted into the ground under the open sky. If you plant seeds immediately in the ground, then the best time for this is from the last days of April to mid-May. Such varieties ripen within 55-100 days. This period may vary, depending on the type of cabbage itself. There are such vegetables that are sung in two months.
Its yield is small, an average of 150-500 kg / ha. Sometimes it reaches 700 kg / ha, but not higher. Selective harvesting of already ripe cabbage falls in the middle of summer. Early varieties have medium-sized rosettes with 10-15 leaves, forks are loose. But their advantage is rapid growth. Heads of early cabbage can crack and bloom.
Early ripening varieties are not used for long storage and for pickling.
June
The most popular early ripening variety. The head of this species is denser than that of other early crops. Cabbage "June" grows well even in a cramped environment, but it requires a lot of light. Any blackout leads to stunting.
This is a cold-resistant variety that can withstand small frosts to -5 ° C, which makes it possible to plant cabbage in early spring. However, it does not tolerate excess moisture.
Another advantage is that it is grown throughout Russia. Medium resistant to pests such as cabbage fly, cruciferous flea. This vegetable crop, like all the early ones, is used only fresh or in hot dishes in the summer. It is not suitable for storage at all.
Cossack
This variety is an early hybrid, for which gardeners and summer residents appreciate it. Compared to June, his forks are twice as dense. Cossack is grown by seedlings or by sowing seeds directly into the soil. It is preferable to land in not too hot sunny areas, avoiding the lack of moisture and cold northerly winds.
Landing can infect insects. The Cossack is susceptible to diseases such as keel, bacteriosis, powdery mildew - they can destroy the entire crop in just a few days. A good prevention is a layer of mulch when planting young shoots. A solution of potassium permanganate is an excellent measure to combat powdery mildew.
The variety is resistant to low subzero temperatures. The disadvantages include poor resistance to cracking of the heads. Cabbage leaves are very tender, so they are more suitable for fresh preparation.
Farmers are aware that vegetable heads can burst when they form. The reason is an excess of moisture. Reducing watering 2-3 weeks before harvesting can prevent this unpleasant moment.
Mid-season cabbage
The growing season of this cabbage is 80-170 days. The finished crop is harvested towards the end of summer. The heads of mid-ripening cabbage are larger than early-ripening, have an average density. Types of mid-ripening vegetables are more fruitful than early ones, but inferior to late ripening varieties. For such varieties of cabbage, the presence of 20-25 small leaves is characteristic.
Unlike its predecessors, mid-season cabbage is better suited for rapid pickling in the autumn. But in its natural form it is often used. Especially tasty are cabbage rolls, vegetable pies, stews and pies. Another advantage over an early vegetable is its longer shelf life. Under all conditions, it can well lie down for a couple of months.
Revenge
A popular hybrid among gardeners, due to its high productivity, which reaches 343-626 kg / ha. The maximum yield was recorded in the Volgograd region - 895 c / ha. Cabbage ripened about three months after its planting. The plant loves water and light. Very resistant to many common diseases and pests.
It contains an ideal set of minerals and vitamins, has a good taste and good keeping quality. Suitable for first and second courses, for pickling.
Glory 1305
Time-tested old cabbage. Her forks are large, juicy, white. Unlike other varieties, “Glory” is well suited for cultivation in dry regions, because it is unpretentious to moisture. Watering it is not worth much, as heads of cabbage can burst. Needs abundant cultivation. Productivity - 320-400 kg / ha.
So that the cabbage is juicy, it is harvested after the first frost. But to delay it is not worth it, as it is prone to cracking. It easily tolerates subzero temperatures. Cabbage Glory is sensitive to diseases such as powdery mildew, keel, black leg. Included in the list of the best types for harvesting for the winter, pickling, salting. The laying of this type of cabbage reaches only 90 days.
For storage, choose medium-sized cabbage, denser. Different varieties do not mix. Leave 2-3 upper leaves and up to 4 cm of stalk. Cracked heads of cabbage are not subject to storage.
Mid-late grades
Heads of medium-late cabbage are denser, taste characteristics are higher than in early and medium varieties. They are less picky about growing conditions than early counterparts.
Symphony
The symphony loves good watering and sunlight. It is grown on an industrial scale. Cabbage Symphony grows well on fertile, soft soils, with a neutral level of acidity. It requires a lot of light and good, plentiful watering.
It resists fungus fusarium. This is a universal variety, designed for different types of processing. Without special conditions, it is not recommended to store until spring.
Present
This is a reliable, old variety of cabbage, known since 1961. In Russia, this vegetable is classified as medium-late. Cabbage Gift is not picky about the soil. It is planted in sunny areas, not under trees. Even in a small shade, heads of grass grow loose and leaves grow small. It requires good watering, especially at the end of summer, when the forks are being laid. It has stable immunity, but preventive measures are necessary, since it can be affected by the keel.
Cabbage Gift has high taste characteristics, is universal in use. Usually the crop is harvested in late summer, early winter. But if the cabbage falls under a slight frost, then in winter preparations it will be even tastier. It has a long shelf life of 6-7 months (until February-March). Due to the fact that the leaves of this variety are thin, they make excellent cabbage rolls.
The density and size of a head of cabbage depends on the ripening time. The longer the term, the denser and larger the forks will be.
Late cabbage
This cabbage ripens for a maximum of 220 days. Varieties are resistant to temperature drops, are not afraid of the first autumn frosts. On the contrary, low temperature helps to head out faster. But, unfortunately, does not tolerate such a temperature in early spring. Therefore, it is grown only in seedling method.
Unlike other types of cabbage, the latter has tight heads of cabbage and is intended for longer storage. Moreover, the taste is only improving. Such cabbage ripens longer than the rest, but it is stored until spring, and even until summer. It depends on the variety.
Mara
A variety appeared thanks to Belarusian breeders. The ripening period is approximately 165 days. Very resistant to decay, but not very resistant to various diseases. A distinctive feature is a noticeable bluish tint.
It tolerates frost and lack of moisture. In cultivation unpretentious. Feels best in slightly acidic soil. It is used for pickling, both in shredded form, and whole heads. It is stored for a long time, up to 8 months.
Any cabbage loves alkaline earth. It grows heavily on heavy, loamy soils, worse on acidic soils. Therefore, knowledgeable gardeners deoxidize the soil before planting. To do this, add a little ash, chalk, lime or dolomite flour to it.
Amager 611
This cabbage became known back in the 40s and is in demand to this day. Suitable for cultivation throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, except for the most northern regions, in which heads of cabbage do not have time to ripen. It requires regular watering and a sufficient amount of mineral fertilizers. With prolonged exposure to hot weather, forks can slow down.
It may undergo vascular bacteriosis, black rot. "Amager 611" is perfectly preserved until the next harvest, but may be subject to gray mold and pinpoint necrosis. With long-term storage, palatability improves. Fresh cabbage is a little harsh and has a bitter aftertaste that disappears closer to spring. It is better to ferment this cabbage a couple of months after the harvest - so that the bitterness passes.
The most valuable varieties of vegetables are mid-late and late. They are stored for a long time, practically without accumulating nitrates. These types of cabbage are considered the best for pickling.
Table
Heads of this culture are light green in color, dense, sometimes reaching 4 kg. The leaves are very juicy. When watering cold can be affected by the disease "black leg".
High adaptability to different light conditions. This variety requires a large amount of water to grow. But, excess moisture can adversely affect growth. One of the most suitable varieties for pickling.
Filibuster
Heads of cabbage grow up to 3 kg. Fertile, with a neutral reaction - the best soil, so that this variety gives a good harvest. This culture is resistant to diseases and pests. Designed for different types of processing.
The leaves are juicy, so Cabbage Flibustier is ideal for pickling, and for preparing fresh dishes. The filibuster is considered one of the best in terms of taste. It gives a high yield, which reaches 448-549 kg / ha, 20-80 kg / ha higher than the standards of Crumont and Kolobok.
Modern varieties
A large number of varieties and hybrids are created by specialist breeders. This helps to grow cabbage in different regions with different weather conditions, adapting it to different habitats.
Under each area create their own types of cabbage. This vegetable crop is considered moisture-loving, but not in all regions the weather favors the cultivation of vegetables. Today, hybrids of cabbage are created, which can produce a good crop in any conditions without any problems.
Aggressor (2003)
This is a medium-late ripening variety, resistant to adverse weather conditions. The exception may be heavy rains, which lead to the fact that heads of cabbage can burst. In cultivation unpretentious, a good crop can give and in depleted soils.
Cabbage Aggressor does not lose its qualities during long-term storage. If stored improperly after 5 months, heads of cabbage can crack and sprout. A great disadvantage of the variety is its susceptibility to certain types of diseases, such as keel, cabbage aphid.
Gloria (2008)
Gloria bred in Holland. It is attributed to mid-season culture. Seedlings are transplanted from the second half of May to June. This cabbage is resistant to lack of water and to cold.
At high humidity and low temperature, it is affected by powdery mildew and gray rot. Before tying a head of cabbage, preventive measures against diseases are mandatory. One of the best remedies for this is infusions onion and garlic husks, which are then sprayed with plants. It does not require frequent top dressing. Very tight forks, resistant to cracking. This variety is considered one of the best for pickling.
Baby (2010)
This is an early ripe miniature hybrid. The mass reaches only 0.8 kg. The value of the hybrid is to get an early harvest. The growing season reaches 100 days. This vegetable is suitable for compact plantings.
Good internal structure. Resistant to cracking. It is recommended to eat fresh.
Express (2003)
Early ripe domestic hybrid. It is suitable for cultivation only by the seedling method, like all varieties of early cabbage. The growing season is only 60-95 days, so that they harvest twice a year. Cabbage Express is very fond of well-lit areas without strong winds.
Head density is average. The disadvantage is that this variety of cabbage is suitable for food only in fresh form, but it is very tasty, due to its juiciness.
The most productive varieties
The most productive varieties and hybrids include mid-ripening, late-ripening and late. Early varieties do not produce a large crop. They are more valued for their short ripening period and are intended for consumption in the summer.
Medium-ripening crops have a growing season slightly longer than the early ones, but they are more productive. Those farmers and summer residents who want a high harvest prefer varieties and hybrids of later ripening. As a rule, the head of such vegetables is much larger and the keeping quality is higher.
Rinda
This is a hybrid. It was bred by Dutch breeders. The variety belongs to the average ripening period. It grows well in various climatic conditions. Rinda cabbage is resistant to temperature changes, but she does not like to be without water for a long time. Vegetables really need sunlight, otherwise growth is markedly reduced.
Immunity to various diseases is strong, but can be attacked by pests - cruciferous fleas and slugs. This variety of cabbage is well suited for the preparation of salads, soups, stuffed cabbage, stewed. And also it is used for pickling, pickling and other types of processing. Her leaves are very juicy and sweet, have excellent taste. Commodity yield reaches 900-914 kg / ha.
Three heroes
This is a late-ripening variety, the fruit weight of which reaches 15 kg. Despite the large size, cabbage is not subject to cracking. One of those types of cabbage that are widely used for pickling and other types of processing, such as pickling, canning.
This vegetable crop always brings a high yield, which reaches 4000 c / ha. This is a very high rate. Common diseases, mainly, arise not because of the characteristics of the variety, but because of improper watering, non-compliance with the temperature regime.
Golden hectare
Cabbage is a mid-early variety. It has been popular with gardeners for over 80 years. This record holder appeared in 1938, and in 1943 it was included in the state registry of the Russian Federation. The name Golden Hectar 1432 is sometimes found. It is one and the same. It belongs to one of the most productive varieties, which gives up to 800 kg / ha. Usually the crop is harvested in several passes, as the heads of cabbage ripen in turn.
It tolerates a long lack of moisture and small frosts. Medium Density Head. The golden hectare is resistant to various diseases, but more sensitive to cabbage keel. The leaves of this culture have an excellent taste, very juicy and sweet.
When ripening, it is good to apply top dressings such as wood ash, ammonium nitrate, mullein infusion, chicken droppings once a month. Thanks to this, cabbage heads grow larger and denser.
Lying varieties
Lying varieties are distinguished by density of heads. For long-term storage, varieties of medium-late and late storage are best suited. Some of these types of cabbage during storage only improve their properties. Such varieties include, for example, Zimovka, Snow White, Turkiz, Belorusskaya.
Wintering
The variety is late ripening. It is appreciated for being well stored until the next harvest.Moreover, its taste only improves over time, the bitterness goes away, and the sweetness increases. This happens after about 3-4 months. Therefore, it is good to eat fresh from the second half of winter.
The appearance of wintering cabbage is well preserved due to the density of heads of cabbage. It tolerates a lack of moisture. It adapts well to various temperature differences. Wintering has a strong immunity to diseases, but is not resistant to pests such as cruciferous flea, butterfly and white aphid.
Turkis
Turkis came to us from Germany. The heads of this grade reach 3 kg, casting a dark green color. The soil prefers loose, fertile and slightly acidic. It tolerates cold. Moisture-loving plant. He loves light very much, therefore it grows best in the southern regions.
It has good immunity to various diseases. It is good to use it fresh after long storage.
Belorussian 455
Belongs to mid-season grades. Despite this, it is stored until April. This variety has many advantages. Therefore, it has been very popular for 70 years. One of the pluses is the ability to give a good harvest in cold regions, up to 785 kg / ha.
Seedlings are transplanted to those parts of the garden where the sun shines well. The daytime and evening sun is not so important for her as the morning sun. "Belorussian" cabbage sensitive to vascular bacteriosis, keel. In general, it is very resistant to disease, but only with proper care during its cultivation. Basically, this variety is grown for pickling and pickling. But borscht, soups, stew from it are very tasty.
Snow White
This is a late ripe hybrid. The heads of this cabbage sometimes reach 5 kg. Harvested usually from November to December. If harvested too soon, the vegetable can quickly fade. Too late harvesting causes the cabbage heads to burst.
Forks do not contain bitterness and lie well until spring. Basically they are salted and fermented. Do not use fresh, since the leaves are not juicy and harsh.
Varieties for pickling
Cabbage, which sings early, does not have time to collect enough sugars and vitamins. Therefore, it is not suitable for pickling and pickling. Some varieties of late ripening, for example, "Amager" and "Kolobok", are also not suitable. They have the substance glycoside, which gives bitterness.
The sweetest and juiciest sauerkraut is obtained from mid-season. Especially good are “Glory 1305”, “Belorusskaya 455”, “Moscow Late”, “Kharkov Winter”, “Blizzard”.
Winter storm
This vegetable was bred in Siberia. It belongs to medium-late varieties. Many farmers consider it one of the best for winter storage. "Blizzard" is resistant to unstable weather conditions and temperature extremes. But she has one feature. You can’t moisten the soil too much, it doesn’t like it very much. In another case, the roots begin to rot and mold appears on the lower leaves.
Powdery mildew, butterflies, caterpillars, cabbage fly, black leg are the main pests of this variety. Preventive measures are required.
Moscow late 15
This is a late ripening variety. It grows well in the lowlands. He loves fertile soil and good watering. It has a high poker and large heads of cabbage, so it can fall to one side. To do this, cabbage is highly spud.
Its disadvantage is the tendency of the heads to burst when there is an excess of watering. The main plus is high productivity, which ranges from 602-885 kg / ha. The maximum reached 1015 c / ha. This type of cabbage is not demanding to care for. Kvass is very fast, so they use it for this.
Kharkov winter
This is late cabbage. Most farmers are advised to water this variety daily after transplanting seedlings. By sowing seeds, this variety is grown without problems. In this case, the heads reach large sizes, due to the fact that the roots are fixed in the ground very deeply and the culture becomes viable.
The advantage of this cabbage is that it can withstand hot weather well. It tolerates a decrease in temperature to -2 ° C. Cabbage is resistant to diseases such as pinpoint necrosis and bacteriosis. In nutrition, this variety is universal.
Varieties and hybrids of cabbage for different regions
Different varieties and hybrids of cabbage are suitable for different regions. Some are well adapted to hot weather. Others are cold resistant. There are universal varieties that can produce a good crop in different climatic conditions.
For Ukraine and the South of Russia
In these regions, the climate is very hot and there is not that amount of rain necessary for the normal growth of cabbage. But here the summer is longer than in other regions, therefore cabbage is harvested twice a year. There are special varieties that tolerate the sultry climate and lack of moisture. Early varieties that mature before the first hot days are especially in demand.
For the middle zone of Russia and Moscow region
For these regions there are a large number of varieties. The climate here is well suited to many types of cabbage, due to its stability and a small number of days with high temperature.
For the Urals and Siberia
It is these cold-resistant varieties that grow well in these regions. Basically, these are early, mid-ripening varieties that yield a crop even before the first frost. They tolerate short, cold summers. Late-ripening varieties are unpopular here.
Varieties recommended for different regions of Russia:
The main characteristics of the popular varieties of white cabbage:
Name (year of inclusion in the state registry of the Russian Federation) | Variety / Hybrid | Head weight (kg) | Soil for growing | Ripening period (days) | Harvesting | Commodity productivity (c / ha) | Appearance, features | Storage |
June (1967) | grade | 0,9-2,4 (maximum 5) | slightly acidic light loamy loamy | 90-110 | end of June (in the southern regions 20 days earlier) | 363-641 | The sheet is small. | not intended |
Cossack (1996) | hybrid | 0,8-1,2 | fertile | 106-112 | early July | 318-461 | The leaf is small, dark green with blue. The head of the cut is white with a yellowish cream tint. | lies well until the fall |
Revenge (2010) | hybrid | 2,8-3,1 | well permeable, fertile, with a neutral reaction | 85-90 | end of September - October | 343-626 | The leaf is medium, green with a gray tint. The head of the cut is white. | short-term, before the start of winter |
Glory 1305 (1940) | grade | 2,4-4,5 | slightly acidic humus-rich | 101-132 | second half of July + two weeks | 570-930 | The leaf is medium, dark green with a bluish tint. The head of the cut is white with a cream tint. | up to three months |
Table (2005) | hybrid | 1,7-3,0 | the most favorable lowland peat-bog soils | up to 160 | September | 356-832 | The leaf is large, green. The head of the cut is white. | until January |
Filibuster (2014) | hybrid | 2,7-3,1 | well permeable, fertile, neutral | 125 | September 25-October 10 | 448-549 | The leaf is medium, gray-green with a strong waxy coating. The head of the cut is yellowish. | no more than 5 months |
Symphony (2011) | hybrid | 1,7-2,8 | well permeable, fertile, with a neutral reaction | 115-125 | September October | 214-500 | The leaf is medium, gray-green. The head of the cut is whitish. | before winter |
Present (1961) | grade | 2,6-4,4 | fertile | 114-134 | Aug. Sept | 582-910 | The leaf is medium, gray-green with a waxy coating, wrinkled. The head of the cut is greenish-white. | 6 - 7 months |
Mara | grade | 2,5-3,2 | slightly acidic | 165-175 | October | 800-1000 | The leaf is resilient dark green, densely covered with a wax layer. Head of green with a whitish bloom. | up to 8 months |
Amager 611 (1943) | grade | 2,6-3,6 | with high acidity | 117-148 | end of September - October | 350-600 | The leaf is smooth or slightly wrinkled, gray-green, a strong wax coating. The head of cabbage is medium, the cross section is greenish-white. | until April |
Aggressor (2003) | hybrid | 2,5-3,0 | unpretentious, grows well on depleted soils | 130-150 | with the onset of cold weather | 431-650 | The leaf is medium, rounded, gray-green. The head of cabbage is medium, whitish in section, with yellow veins. | 5 months |
Gloria (2008) | hybrid | 1,8-2,6 | fertile | 120-125 | from late August to mid October | 487-566 | The leaf is medium, blue-green. The head of the cut is whitish. | 4-5 months |
Baby (2010) | hybrid | 0,8-1,0 | fertile | up to 100 | August | 195-384 | The leaf is small. A small head of cabbage, whitish in section. | short |
Express (2003) | hybrid | 0,9-1,3 | fertile chernozem and neutral pH | 60-95 | July | 330-385 | The leaf is small, light green with a slight waxy coating. The head of cabbage is small, whitish in the section. | not intended |
Rinda (1993) | hybrid | 3,2-3,7 | medium acid with the addition of mineral and organic fertilizers | 120–130 | Aug. Sept | 900-914 | The sheet is thin, light green, resilient. The head of the cut is yellowish-white. | up to 4 months in a cool place |
Three heroes | grade | 10-15 | nutritious and loose | 145-160 | September October | 4000 | The leaf is gray-green. The head of the cut is white. | up to 8 months |
Golden hectare (1843) | grade | 1,6-3,3 | loamy, rich in humus; chernozems are not suitable | 102-110 | July August | 500-850 | The leaf is small, gray-green with a slight waxy coating, smooth. The head of cabbage is small, white-green in the section. | up to 1 month |
Wintering (1963) | grade | 2,0-3,6 | unpretentious, for a better harvest - loose, nutritious | 130-145 | mid October | 450-523 | The leaf is large, with a grayish tint, green. | up to 8 months |
Turkiz | grade | 2–3 | nutritious and loose | 160-175 | October November | 800-1000 | The leaf is dark green. A head of cabbage on a cut of milky color. | till March |
Belorussian 455 (1943) | grade | 1,3-4,1 | medium acid fertile loamy | 105-130 | end of September - beginning of October | 474-785 | The leaf is medium, gray-green or dark green. The head of the cut is whitish. | until April |
Snow White | hybrid | 3,5–4,5 | slightly acidic | 130–150 | from November to December 1 | 700-900 | Head of milk on a cut. | up to 7 months |
Winter storm (1989) | grade | 1,8-3,3 | grown on soils of different composition | 140-160 | September | 508-673 | The leaf is medium, gray-green. The head of the cut is white-yellow. | up to 8 months |
Moscow 15 (1943) | grade | 3,3-4,5 | neutral or slightly acidic | 115-141 | October | 602-885 | The leaf is large, gray-green with a slight waxy coating, wrinkled. The head of the cut is yellowish-white. | until February |
Kharkov winter (1976) | grade | 3,5-4,2 | slightly acidic, fertile | 140-160 | September October | 583-832 | The leaf is medium, gray-green. | I'm at home |
Approach the selection of varieties based on your goals. If you need seasoned cabbage, pick later varieties. If you prefer varieties that are good for pickling and salting, then choose mid-ripening varieties with a high sugar content. For the highest yields, plant the highest yielding varieties.