The birthplace of this breed is the Simbirsk province, where many experiments were carried out in order to breed a cow that would easily adapt to local climatic conditions. Bestuzhevskaya breed of cows belongs to the category of selection and was bred in the 18th century on the basis of local and German cattle breed.
Bestuzhev breed of cows
Short description
The homeland of the species can be considered the Ulyanovsk region, where for the first time this "experiment" gave the desired result. The main direction in which the development and breeding of the breed took place was obtaining a meat and dairy specimen with characteristics that were inaccessible to most species. As a result, the breeders managed to achieve indicators of 4 thousand liters per year from one cow. At the same time, milk has a fat content of 4%. Thanks to these indicators, this type from the point of view of business can be safely classified as profitable and highly effective.
Outwardly, the Bestuzhevskaya breed of cows is distinguished by a strong constitution, as well as excellent indicators of endurance in climatic conditions that are classified as unstable.
Even taking into account the fact that this breed is becoming more and more popular every day and receives more and more positive reviews and characteristics, the total population does not exceed 1 million individuals, which is a rather modest result. The leaders in terms of the number of goals at the moment are the Ulyanovsk and Samara regions. Good indicators of the growing popularity of the breed are also recorded in Tatarstan and Bashkiria. A number of regions of our country have recently been gaining momentum and are reaching very decent indicators.
Breed standards
Given the relationship with the best breeds, the appearance of Bestuzhev cows meets all existing standards. The fact is that in the process of formation of the breed in question, foreign bulls directly participated, its external characteristics are very attractive. Thanks to this, the average weight of a bull of the Bestuzhev breed on average reaches 1 ton, while females are able to gain weight up to 600 kg. Growth indicators for a bull are at the level of 1 m 60 cm, and for a cow - up to 140 cm.
The udder is well developed and is also bowl-shaped. The bull's head is massive, and in the cervical region there are several noticeable folds, while in cows it is of medium size and the presence of folds is often barely noticeable. The backs of these animals are even and massive, the limbs are distinguished by strength and good indicators of development. The Bestuzhevskaya breed of cows has massive and voluminous muscles. Breed standards assume the predominance of variegated red or red suit.
Breeding the described pets is excellent for obtaining meat or milk, and it is because of this versatility in the industry that this species is widely used for both purposes. The proof of the effectiveness of this approach are numerous records that are recorded on specialized farms, where milk yield from one cow often approaches or even exceeds the mark of ten tons of milk.
Bestuzhev calves
Young animals of Bestuzhev breed cows are born by the standards of a miniature species, and rarely its weight exceeds the mark of 35 kg, while cases are recorded where the calves at birth reach a weight of 40 kg. Due to this feature of newborns, adult cows do not face pathological changes, as well as other problems that often accompany the birth process.
The Bestuzhevskaya breed of cows without any problems bear small calves, as a result of which they do not face psychological and physical trauma. At the same time, cubs are born with good health, and further develop successfully. Confirmation of these words can be considered statistics that indicate that the percentage of survival of young animals exceeds the rates of 95%.
Good development and vigorous growth observed in the early stages of development after birth helps calves to survive and remain active. The period of rapid development slows down at the age of three months, which contributes to the normal formation of internal organs and systems. The Bestuzhev breed, already at the age of six months, is capable of gaining weight from 150 to 180 kg, depending on gender, however, the key condition for achieving such indicators is a proper diet, which is rich in all necessary useful substances and vitamins.
Benefits of breeding a Bestuzhev cow
The Bestuzhevstka breed is becoming more and more popular, and this applies to both private farms and specialized farms, where breeding efficiency indicators are taken as a basis. In many ways, professional and novice breeders are attracted by this breed:
- good health and excellent resistance to most diseases affecting livestock;
- simplicity in organizing the necessary conditions of detention, due to the unpretentiousness of the Bestuzhev breed of cows;
- rapid adaptation to unstable climatic conditions.
Each of these factors is key, as experienced cattle breeders indicate them as the most common housing problems.
Breeding Specifics
Under conditions of normal adaptation, the cows of this breed are able to start high-quality reproduction in the shortest possible time. Having the right approach used in breeding processes allows you to get the gain of young stock at an optimal level, as well as significantly save on primary costs. The process of fattening calves of the Bestuzhev breed should begin one month after birth and continue until one year of age. As food in this period, you can use:
- hay;
- concentrates;
- silage.
When the bulls reach the age of one and a half years, fattening takes place using hay, as well as enrichment of the daily diet with food waste. In addition, the use of the American system for rearing young animals can be effective. It involves keeping calves in the same room with an adult, so that, as needed, animals can suck milk, supplementing the daily diet. The characterization of this type of content indicates the emergence of a number of possibilities, however, its implementation should be thought out and adapted to existing conditions. American technology can also be applied to the pasture type of cultivation.
Conditions for augmentation of the economy
Young animals of the Bestuzhev breed of cows, upon reaching the age of 8 months, should be transferred to the area for keeping, where further fattening takes place, involving the addition of concentrate to the diet. Getting good offspring at the same time requires an especially careful attitude and increased attention to the female, who will bear him in the future.
The cow, which will continue to calve, should receive intensive nutrition rich in the substances necessary for optimal development. The preliminary preparation of a cow for insemination should involve some changes in the daily diet, where a third of the total volume should be occupied by the concentrate, and the remaining 70% should be covered by greens, silage or hay.
As mentioned above, the Bestuzhev breed, due to the peculiarities of fetal development, survives calving quite simply, and such nutrition provides intrauterine new life with all the necessary substances.
Content Principles
It is quite easy to keep the Bestuzhev breed, since its key advantage is its simplicity. In addition, it easily and simply adapts to various conditions, so the geography of its breeding is constantly expanding. At the same time, in order to provide the bulls and cows of the Bestuzhev breed with optimal conditions, regular cleaning of the barn is necessary, since they need cleanliness. Ideally, carrying out general cleaning using special tools in the corrals should become a weekly procedure. Thanks to this, it is possible to ensure that the Bestuzhev cow does not encounter health problems.
Bestuzhev breed of cows
Display of dairy cattle: Red Gorbatov, Aishir, Bestuzhev, black and motley breeds.
Simmental cows
It is very important that in the room where the Bestuzhevskaya cow is kept, a comfortable temperature regime is observed, assuming a normal supply of fresh air in the summer, as well as warmth and dryness during cold weather. In order to avoid the onset and development of infection, bulls and cows should be regularly examined, and in case of problems, they should promptly seek help from a specialist. Observing how the cow behaves also allows you to determine the presence of a problem in time and take immediate action.
How to feed
Another condition for maintaining the health and optimal development of representatives of the Bestuzhev breed is control over the quality of food. Any breed of cows, including representatives of the Bestuzhev breed, is very demanding precisely on the quality of the daily diet, since spoiled food can cause serious problems with the gastrointestinal tract and significantly slow down the development of the animal.
The Bestuzhevskaya cow should receive the required amount of nutrients and vitamins every day, due to which the main characteristic - milk and meat abundance - becomes achievable. A cow that is preparing to become a mother should receive special nutrition that can be correctly developed and selected by an experienced specialist in the field of veterinary medicine. Grazing bulls and cows should be very long, since such conditions are optimal for them.
Conclusion
Today, the Bestuzhevskaya cow is widely used in many farms, since it can bring good profits, as, in fact, breeding bulls of this breed. The main distinguishing features have already been listed, thanks to them, despite the fact that the animal world (in particular cows) is very diverse, many farms are able to boast of a breeding system for breeding this breed.
Some of the few shortcomings of the Bestuzhev breed are more than covered by those advantages that are visible to the naked eye. The average efficiency for the breed is significantly ahead of the closest "pursuers", thanks to which the Bestuzhev breed can really be proud of. In general, the rate of popularization of the breed is not so high, but the process is proceeding systematically, since the characteristics that it possesses cannot go unnoticed not only by specialists, but also by novice farmers.